Blog — Neuroscience

Stress, Cortisol, and the Hormonal Loop of Anxiety When the body perceives danger, the brain activates the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis — an internal alarm that releases cortisol, the body’s primary stress hormone. For short-term challenges, cortisol is beneficial. It sharpens focus, boosts energy, and prepares muscles for quick action — the classic “fight or flight” response that once ensured survival. When Stress Becomes Chronic Trouble begins when stress never switches off. Prolonged cortisol exposure interferes with healthy brain function, damaging neurons in the hippocampus (responsible for memory) and the prefrontal cortex (which governs decision-making and emotional control). As these areas...

When Hormones Shape the Mind Hormones are powerful chemical messengers that quietly influence not only our bodies but also our thoughts and emotions. While neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine often get the spotlight for controlling mood, science now shows that hormones can have just as much impact on mental well-being. 1. The Emotional Swing of Oestrogen and Progesterone Women often experience emotional changes before menstruation, after childbirth, or during menopause. These phases involve major shifts in oestrogen and progesterone. Before menstruation: Falling oestrogen can lower serotonin, leading to irritability or sadness. After childbirth: A sudden hormone drop can trigger postpartum...

A complex interplay of neurochemical signals takes centre stage when it comes to stress and the body's response to it. Translating events into neurochemical signals is crucial before triggering the HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal) axis, which plays a pivotal role in the body's stress response. In this blog post, we'll explore the intricate connections between neurotransmitters, stress, and HPA axis dysfunction, shedding light on clinicians' challenges when evaluating patients. The Prevalence of Anxiety & Depression: Anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder (MDD) are pervasive mental health challenges affecting millions. Abnormal neurotransmitter levels, ratios, or activities are often associated with these disorders, leading...

In the complex orchestra of bodily functions, neurotransmitters play a crucial role as messengers that facilitate communication within our nervous system. These chemical compounds transmit signals between nerve cells, affecting various aspects of our health, mood, and behaviour. The delicate balance of neurotransmitters is essential for optimal physical and mental well-being. When this balance is disrupted, it can lead to a range of health issues, from anxiety and depression to sleep disturbances and hormonal imbalances. The Role of Neurotransmitters Imagine neurotransmitters as messengers constantly shuttling information between nerves, enabling your body to react and respond to everything you encounter—sounds, sensations,...