Hormone Health Hub: Expert Insights on Testing, Balance & Better Living — TPO antibodies

Iodine deficiency is a significant and underappreciated global health problem, with urinary iodine levels in many Western populations having fallen substantially over recent decades. As an essential component of thyroid hormones, iodine deficiency impairs thyroid function, promotes goitre, and has wide-ranging consequences for metabolism, cognitive development, breast health, and reproductive health. Women of childbearing age are particularly vulnerable. This article explains the causes and consequences of iodine deficiency, who is most at risk, and how at-home dried urine testing using ICP-MS analysis can accurately confirm your iodine status.

Many patients produce sufficient thyroid hormone yet still suffer from classic hypothyroid symptoms. Why? Because standard TSH testing misses the full picture. In this clinical guide, Jim Paoletti explains the functional approach to thyroid assessment — examining T4 production, TBG binding, T4-to-T3 conversion, cortisol interference, ferritin and vitamin D — and outlines exactly which tests are needed for a complete analysis.

At 24, Dr. Kate Placzek was sleeping 16 hours a day and barely functioning — yet her standard blood tests came back normal. It took a TSH result in the mid-thirties to finally explain her debilitating fatigue. In this candid personal account, she shares her thyroid diagnosis, what she learned about optimal TSH levels, and why testing beyond TSH alone can make all the difference.

Iodine is an essential trace element required for thyroid hormone production, yet many people are unknowingly deficient. While iodised salt and seafood are well-known sources, dairy products, eggs, and seaweed also contribute significantly to daily intake. Changing dietary habits — including reduced milk consumption and the replacement of iodine with bromine in bread production — are quietly lowering iodine intake across the population. This article explains where dietary iodine comes from, why the body needs it, how it is absorbed and excreted, and how at-home urine testing can confirm whether your intake is adequate.

If you are experiencing infertility issues, understanding which hormones to test — and why — is the essential first step. Dr. Alison McAllister of ZRT Laboratory explains the full fertility hormone profile: from LH and FSH as indicators of ovarian reserve, to estradiol, progesterone and testosterone for ovulation health, adrenal hormones cortisol and DHEA-S, thyroid markers including TPO antibodies, and the often-overlooked role of vitamin D in fertility and PCOS.