By David Zava, ZRT Laboratory Delivery of the bioidentical hormones estradiol (E2), progesterone (Pg), and testosterone (T) through the skin as a cream or gel (topically) has become a mainstay of bioidentical hormone replacement therapy (BHRT) for women and men. A plethora of FDA-approved pharmaceuticals, compounded, and even over-the-counter topical BHRT products are available. The popularity of these products lies not only in their ease of use but in proven clinical efficacy [1-5] in treating hormonal deficiencies mostly brought on by ageing of the female (menopause) and male (andropause) reproductive systems. Dosing for Optimal Clinical Benefit Over the past 30 or so...
Heavy metals like mercury, arsenic, and cadmium can silently disrupt brain chemistry, mood, and cognition — while nutrient deficiencies in iodine, selenium, and lithium compound the damage. Learn how element testing reveals what's really affecting your mental health.
Brazil nuts are widely used as a natural selenium supplement, but the selenium content in each nut varies enormously depending on soil conditions, region, and even individual trees. While selenium is essential for thyroid function, antioxidant defence, and overall health, both deficiency and excess carry serious risks. This article explains why Brazil nuts are so variable as a selenium source, what the safe daily intake looks like, and why testing your selenium levels is the most reliable way to know whether your intake is adequate, insufficient, or dangerously high.
Heavy periods affect millions of women, yet the underlying causes are frequently misunderstood or left unaddressed. From oestrogen and progesterone imbalances to structural issues such as fibroids and adenomyosis, there are several well-established reasons why menstrual bleeding can become excessive. This article explains the physiology of the menstrual cycle, the most common causes of heavy periods, and how hormone testing can help identify what is driving your symptoms — so you can take informed steps towards better menstrual health.
Many patients produce sufficient thyroid hormone yet still suffer from classic hypothyroid symptoms. Why? Because standard TSH testing misses the full picture. In this clinical guide, Jim Paoletti explains the functional approach to thyroid assessment — examining T4 production, TBG binding, T4-to-T3 conversion, cortisol interference, ferritin and vitamin D — and outlines exactly which tests are needed for a complete analysis.
